Below is a partial transcript from The Cipher Brief’s Gray Zone Group. The briefing has been lightly edited for length and clarity. For more background on recent Gray Zone attacks, the Cipher Brief has a good rundown. The Cipher Brief: How are you thinking about the increase in activities and what concerns does that lead to? Dr. Vickers: The UK and Germany have both noted the expansion of Russian activity, and it’s also become more lethal. During the Cold War, Russian intelligence services focused principally on intelligence. The KGB utilized active measures, mostly propaganda, sometimes some wet affairs (operations that involve assassination or murder). Russia’s GRU does a lot of that now; sabotage and assassinations and other things that are being noticed across Europe, as well as deploying new cyber tools. And disinformation launched by China in Taiwan has really intensified substantially. Pitts: When you look at the increase in activity by adversaries, it tells us that they think this is an effective strategic effort and that it is working. That’s bad for us. It means all the things that we’re doing to highlight and deter it aren’t working, at least not to the extent that they should. I think we should also look at